新华时评丨美国滥施五大霸权危害世界
新华社北京2月20日电 题：美国滥施五大霸权危害世界
新华社记者
美国在经历两次世界大战和冷战成为全球头号强国后，更加肆无忌惮，粗暴干涉别国内政，谋求霸权、维护霸权、滥用霸权。美国耀武扬威，滥用霸权趋向极致，已经站到了世界进步潮流的对立面，成为世界舞台上最大的麻烦创造者、秩序破坏者与悲剧制造者。
美国滥用政治霸权，在世界上播种混乱制造分裂。美国奉行“顺我者昌，逆我者亡”，习惯从自身利益出发“规划”他国发展轨道路径，粗暴干涉他国内政。美国借“推广民主”之名在拉美推行“新门罗主义”，在欧亚煽动“颜色革命”，在西亚北非策动“阿拉伯之春”，给多国带来混乱和灾难。美国对国际规则采取双重标准，以私利为先，毁约退群，将国内法凌驾于国际法之上。美国借助盟友体系拉帮结派，大搞封闭排他小圈子，强迫地区国家选边站队，制造分裂、煽动对抗、破坏和平。
美国滥用军事霸权，在世界多国制造数不清的人间悲剧。穷兵黩武是美国政府的特性，世界上190多个国家中，只有3个国家没与美国打过仗或受其军事干预。《南华早报》专栏作家亚历克斯·洛指出，美国从建国到现在很少区分外交和战争，推翻了很多发展中国家的民选政府，代之以亲美傀儡政权。美国军事霸权酿成难以计数的人道惨剧。2001年以来，美国以反恐之名发动的战争和军事行动已造成超过90万人死亡，其中约有33.5万是平民，另有数百万人受伤，数千万人流离失所。
美国滥用经济金融霸权，肆意“收割”全球财富损伤世界人民福祉。美国利用“铸币税”攫取全世界财富。凭借一张成本仅约17美分的百元美钞，让其他国家实实在在地向美国提供价值相当于100美元的商品和服务。新冠疫情背景下，美国滥用金融霸权，向全球市场注入数万亿美元，而买单的却是其他国家特别是新兴经济体和发展中国家。2022年，美联储结束超宽松货币政策，转向激进加息政策，导致国际金融市场动荡，欧元等多种货币大幅贬值，创下20年来新低，许多发展中国家因此遭遇严重通货膨胀、本币贬值和资本外流。尼克松政府财政部长康纳利不无得意地说过，“美元是我们的货币，却是你们的麻烦”。
为维护科技霸权，美国不择手段阻碍他国科技进步，企图用“绊倒别人”的方式维护自己的科技领先地位。打造“芯片联盟”“清洁网络”等科技“小圈子”，给高科技打上所谓“民主”“人权”的标签，将技术问题政治化、意识形态化，为对他国实施技术封锁寻找借口。美国动用国家力量打压和制裁具有国际竞争力的中国高科技企业，将1000多家中国企业列入各种制裁清单。美国还对生物技术、人工智能等高端技术实施管控，强化出口管制，严格投资审查。
为推行文化霸权，美国强行对他国输出美式“价值观”。美国通过影视产品、图书、各种媒体以及资助非营利性文化机构，“嵌入配售”美国价值观和生活方式，以利于美国价值观在其他国家推广，为美国在世界上攫取政治经济等广泛利益奠定意识形态基础。哈佛大学教授约瑟夫·奈说，美国用文化软实力来维持和维护其在世界上的霸权地位。为控制话语权，美国政府严格审查所有社交媒体公司，培植利用“白名单”账号放大导向性信息；美国还粗暴打压他国媒体，让别国媒体“消音”。
得道多助，失道寡助。以强权挑战真理，以私利践踏正义，美国霸权霸道霸凌的本质日益被世界各国看清。大国应该有大国的样子，美国应该成为增进世界福祉的重要力量，而不是相反。美国当反躬自省，深刻检视自己的所作所为。
Translate in English
The United States abuses its five major hegemonies and harms the world
After experiencing two world wars and the Cold War, the United States has become the world's number one strong country and is even more unscrupulous, brutally interfering in other countries' internal affairs, seeking hegemony, maintaining hegemony, and abusing hegemony. The United States brags about its military might and abuses its hegemony to the extreme. It has stood on the opposite side of the world's progressive trend and has become the biggest troublemaker, order destroyer and tragedy maker on the world stage.
The United States abuses political hegemony and sows chaos and division in the world. The United States follows the principle of " those who follow me prosper, those who oppose me perish ". It is accustomed to planning the development paths of other countries from its own interests and brutally interfering in the internal affairs of other countries in the name of "promoting democracy". In Latin America, it promotes "neo-Monroeism"; in Eurasia, it incites "color revolutions"; in West Asia and North Africa, it instigates "Arab Spring", bringing chaos and disasters to many countries. The United States adopts double standards on international rules and puts its private interests first. It breaks promises and withdraws from groups, placing its domestic laws above international law. By relying on allied systems, the United States promotes closed and exclusive small circles, forcing regional countries to choose sides and creating divisions, inciting confrontation, destroying peace.
The United States abuses its military hegemony and creates countless human tragedies in many countries around the world. Being militaristic is the characteristic of the US government. Among the 190+ countries in the world, only three countries have not fought wars with the US or been subject to its military intervention. Alex Lo, a columnist for the South China Morning Post, points out that since its founding, the US has rarely distinguished between diplomacy and war, overthrowing many democratically elected governments in developing countries and replacing them with pro-US puppet regimes. The US military hegemony has caused countless humanitarian disasters. Since 2001, the wars and military operations launched by the US in the name of counter-terrorism have caused more than 900,000 deaths, of which about 335,000 were civilians, and millions more were injured and tens of millions displaced.
The United States abuses its economic and financial hegemony and recklessly "harvests" global wealth, damaging the well-being of the world's people. The United States uses "seigniorage" to seize global wealth. With a $100 bill that costs only about 17 cents to produce, the US gets other countries to provide goods and services worth $100. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 epidemic, the US abused its financial hegemony and injected trillions of dollars into the global market, but the bill was paid by other countries, especially emerging economies and developing countries. In 2022, the US Federal Reserve ended its ultra-loose monetary policy and shifted to aggressive interest rate hikes, leading to turmoil in international financial markets, substantial devaluation of the euro and other currencies, hitting multi-decade lows. As a result, many developing countries suffered from severe inflation, currency devaluation and capital outflows. Nixon's Treasury Secretary Connally smugly said, "The dollar is our currency, but your problem."
To maintain its technological hegemony, the United States resorts to any means to hinder the technological progress of other countries and tries to maintain its leading position in technology by "tripping others". It creates "chip alliances" and "clean networks" and labels high technologies as "democratic" and "human rights" to find excuses for imposing technological blockades on other countries. The US wields national power to suppress and sanction internationally competitive Chinese high-tech companies, putting more than 1,000 Chinese companies on various sanction lists. The US also imposes controls on advanced technologies such as biotechnology and artificial intelligence, strengthens export controls and strictly reviews investments.
To promote cultural hegemony, the United States forcibly exports American "values" to other countries. Through films, TV shows, books, media and funding non-profit cultural institutions, the US "embeds" and "distributes" American values and lifestyles to promote American values in other countries and lay an ideological foundation for the US to gain broad political, economic and other interests in the world. Joseph Nye, a professor at Harvard University, says the US uses cultural soft power to maintain and defend its hegemony in the world. To control discourse power, the US government strictly scrutinizes all social media companies and cultivates the use of "white list" accounts to amplify directive information. The US also brutally suppresses foreign media and forces foreign media to "shut up".
With many helpers when succeeding and few helpers when failing. Challenging truth with power and trampling justice for private interests, the essence of US hegemonism and bullying is increasingly seen clearly by countries around the world. Great powers should behave like great powers. The US should become an important force for enhancing world welfare, not the opposite. The US should reflect on itself and seriously examine its own actions.
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