[Tee tiong huat]

This NASA Scientist Is Developing a Spacecraft for Interstellar Travel. Is It the Warp Drive We’ve Been Waiting For?

A scientific discovery that could transform the study of warp drive is now under wraps at the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Harold White, known to his friends as Sonny, was only 11 years old when the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum was unveiled in his home city of Washington, D.C. in summer of 1976. He and millions of other visitors explored the museum’s halls to marvel at decades-old airplanes and space modules that had only just returned Earth-side, including the Apollo 11’s command module, Columbia. 

It had remained in orbit as Neil Armstrong and “Buzz” Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on moon. For White, visiting the museum became a pivotal moment that would ripple through his life and career as both a NASA scientist and dogged investigator of one of science’s most challenging problems: how to reach the stars.

As an avid Star Trek fan and a kid who showed an aptitude for math, White says his path toward studying space may have been predetermined, but wandering the museum’s halls helped stoke the flame. “This premise and the promise of space exploration for humanity just really always stuck with me,” he says. 

After all, we still haven’t sent people past the Moon, a cosmic stone’s throw from home, and our fastest unmanned spacecraft, Voyager 1, will take 75,000 years to reach our nearest stellar neighbor, Proxima Centauri.

[Tee tiong huat]

Continue from above......

For White, the only solution that would extend the exploration of humanity beyond our solar system is to design a spacecraft that can travel the stars within a fraction of a human lifetime. In other words—warp drive. 

Like many technologies White’s beloved Star Trek: The Original Series in the 1960s predicted, such as the flip phones and wireless headsets, warp drive is a science fiction creation that has demonstrated surprising scientific validity.

In the television show, switching to warp drive is as easy as putting your car into a higher gear and allows the U.S.S. Enterprise to blink out of existence as it skips through space-time at speeds quicker than light. Captain Kirk and his crew still have a head start of more than 200 years on this technology, and today’s warp drive science is still nowhere close to this ideal.

Here’s the modern science of warp drive, in a nutshell. Physicist Miguel Alcubierre published the prevailing model of warp drive in 1994, and it shows that warp speed travel could theoretically be possible. However, we first need to manipulate Einstein’s equations of general relativity using a type of exotic matter with negative energy. These equations essentially tell us that massive objects can distort space-time. A warp drive powered by this massive amount of energy would contort space-time into a bubble around the spacecraft, expanding space-time in front of the craft and compressing it behind. This warping would allow the craft itself to jump through interstellar space—without its passengers being any the wiser.

[Tee tiong huat]

Largest Radio Jet, Twice As Wide As Milky Way Galaxy, Found In Distant Universe discovery the enormous radio jet offers valuable insight of early universe. Astrophysical Journal Letter published on February 6 details. Astronomers his detected raise jets w/help of 2 powerful radio telescopes. By using these advanced telescopes to observe distant cosmic phenomena, astronomers can essentially see back in time. Radio jet spotted spans over 200,000 light-years connected to black holes. A light-yr distance travelled by light in 1-yr, is 5.88 trillion miles (9.46 trillion km's).

The quasar responsible formation of the 2-lobed radio jet created when universe was just 1.2 billion years old, or 9% of its current age. Unlike most quasars, this one is smaller, weighing 450 million times the mass of our Sun. Astronomy at California Institute of Technology, said that scientists have long wondered if long, powerful jets could be seen in distant universe b"cos the black holes produce them acted differently were less massive in early universe.
https://www.ndtv.com/science/largest-rad...se-7707574

[Alice Alicia]

The phenomenon called Quantum Entanglement in the Universe.

The strange part of quantum entanglement is that when you measure something about one particle in an entangled pair, you immediately know something about the other particle, even if they are millions of light years apart. This odd connection between the two particles is instantaneous, seemingly breaking a fundamental law of the universe. Albert Einstein famously called the phenomenon “spooky action at a distance.”

[Tee tiong huat]

Next is about Earth..

https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...31-01-2025

Asteroid threat grows: 300-foot rock has higher chance of impact in 2032. The risk assessment of the newly discovered asteroid 2024 YR4 has increased from a chance of 1.2% impact over the last week to 2.1% due to new observations.
https://www.business-standard.com/world-...160_1.html

[Tee tiong huat]

Earth’s Magnetic North Pole Position Is Officially Changed—Scientists Just Updated Its Location.

Earth’s magnetic north pole just shifted again, forcing scientists to update global navigation models. Movement has been accelerating for decades, and its latest position brings it closer to Russia than ever before. Small changes like this might seem unimportant, but they can have surprising effects on navigation and technology. The real question is how much more it will move—and what happens next???.

What happens next?.
https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...17-02-2025

[Tee tiong huat]

The phenomenon called Quantum Entanglement in the Universe.

The strange part of quantum entanglement is that when you measure something about one particle in an entangled pair, you immediately know something about the other particle, even if they are millions of light years apart. This odd connection between the two particles is instantaneous, seemingly breaking a fundamental law of the universe. Albert Einstein famously called the phenomenon “spooky action at a distance.”

Some experts aim to replace moving electrons with something less draining. They are testing a phenomenon known as magnon transport, where magnetic signals carry information instead of electric currents. One leading figure in this area is Dr. Andrii Chumak at the University of Vienna. His team has created a prototype processor that runs on magnetic excitations rather than typical electronic pulses.

Advantages of magnon circuits
Traditional circuits shuffle electrons down metal lines, which consumes energy and produces waste heat. On the other hand, magnon-based setups rely on waves generated by the spin behavior of electrons within certain materials. A
spin wave can travel through a crystal when electron spins shift and cause neighboring spins to tilt. Physicists label the resulting packet-like disturbance a quasi-particle if it acts like a single entity.

Magnon circuits could reduce electricity usage by letting these waves move freely without large electric currents. Some researchers also predict fewer components per function, which might shrink device sizes further.

AI-guided switch to magnons
Designing a magnon-based circuit can be tricky if engineers try to map every tiny detail by hand. An inverse design process flips the usual approach by starting with the goal and then letting algorithms fill in the layout.
https://www.earth.com/news/goodbye-elect...y-magnons/

[Tee tiong huat]

Harold White, known to his friends as Sonny, was only 11 years old when the Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum was unveiled in his home city of Washington, D.C. in summer of 1976. He and millions of other visitors explored the museum’s halls to marvel at decades-old airplanes and space modules that had only just returned Earth-side, including the Apollo 11’s command module, Columbia. 

It had remained in orbit as Neil Armstrong and “Buzz” Aldrin became the first human beings to set foot on moon. For White, visiting the museum became a pivotal moment that would ripple through his life and career as both a NASA scientist and dogged investigator of one of science’s most challenging problems: how to reach the stars.

As an avid Star Trek fan and a kid who showed an aptitude for math, White says his path toward studying space may have been predetermined, but wandering the museum’s halls helped stoke the flame. “This premise and the promise of space exploration for humanity just really always stuck with me,” he says. 

After all, we still haven’t sent people past the Moon, a cosmic stone’s throw from home, and our fastest unmanned spacecraft, Voyager 1, will take 75,000 years to reach our nearest stellar neighbor, Proxima Centauri.

https://www.earth.com/news/two-enormous-...ay-galaxy/ (1)
https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...18-02-2025 (2)

[Tee tiong huat]

What happens next?.
https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...17-02-2025

https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...16-02-2025

[Tee tiong huat]

Continue from above......

For White, the only solution that would extend the exploration of humanity beyond our solar system is to design a spacecraft that can travel the stars within a fraction of a human lifetime. In other words—warp drive. 

Like many technologies White’s beloved Star Trek: The Original Series in the 1960s predicted, such as the flip phones and wireless headsets, warp drive is a science fiction creation that has demonstrated surprising scientific validity.

In the television show, switching to warp drive is as easy as putting your car into a higher gear and allows the U.S.S. Enterprise to blink out of existence as it skips through space-time at speeds quicker than light. Captain Kirk and his crew still have a head start of more than 200 years on this technology, and today’s warp drive science is still nowhere close to this ideal.

Here’s the modern science of warp drive, in a nutshell. Physicist Miguel Alcubierre published the prevailing model of warp drive in 1994, and it shows that warp speed travel could theoretically be possible. However, we first need to manipulate Einstein’s equations of general relativity using a type of exotic matter with negative energy. These equations essentially tell us that massive objects can distort space-time. A warp drive powered by this massive amount of energy would contort space-time into a bubble around the spacecraft, expanding space-time in front of the craft and compressing it behind. This warping would allow the craft itself to jump through interstellar space—without its passengers being any the wiser.

https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...19-02-2025

[Tee tiong huat]

https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...16-02-2025

"Purple Earth" hypothesis is gaining momentum in scientific community. Strange as it sounds, some scientists think earliest life forms on Earth may have painted our planet in shades of purple rather than green. This idea, known as the Purple Earth hypothesis, suggests single-celled organisms depended on a less complex molecule than chlorophyll to harness sunlight. NASA-supported work points to retinal as pivotal molecule lent these microbes a vivid violet color. Concept 
been investigated by astrobiologist Dr. Edward Schwieterman of U of California, Riverside & prof Shiladitya DasSarma of U of Maryland. Under
standing chlorophyll – basic schlorophyll is the green pigment makes plants, algae & some bacteria look so vibrant. More importantly, it’s the powerhouse behind photosynthesis – the process lets plants turn sunlight into energy. Without chlorophyll, life as we know it wouldn’t exist b'cos it’s first step in producing oxygen we breathe and the food we eat. This molecule absorbs light, mostly from blue & red spectrum, while reflecting green, which is why leaves look green. It’s packed into tiny structures inside plant cells called chloroplasts, where magic of photosynthesis happens. Early color from different molecule
While modern plants rely on chlorophyll, it may not have been Earth’s first choice for photosynthesis. Retinal is simpler & was likely present on Earth when atmospheric oxygen was scarce.

During that period, known for low oxygen and a hazy sky, scientists believe sunlight was still abundant enough to power these purple microbes. This scenario points to a very different Earth from the lush, leafy version we see now. Many of these primeval organisms fell under the archaea umbrella, a group that thrives in environments hostile to most other life. One notable example is often called halobacterium, a bright purple microbe that survives in salty spots like the Great Salt Lake. Despite name, halobacterium is not a bacterium is an archaeon uses photosynthesis in a less common way. It absorbs green wavelengths through retinal and reflects red and blue, which produces its striking purple appearance.

How purple Earth turned green?
Overtime, other organisms evolved the more efficient pigment, chlorophyll, enabling them to harvest sunlight at stronger wavelengths. This shift eventually overshadowed the retinal-based approach and helped fuel the Great Oxygenation Event, when oxygen levels in our atmosphere rose dramatically. Retinal-based life did not disappear, but it was no longer the dominant force shaping the planet’s surface color. Chlorophyll-using organisms thrived, turning Earth’s general look from purple to green.

Searching for color ful life
Astrobiologists suspect exoplanets might host creatures that still rely on retinal. “If the Purple Earth hypothesis was correct and there was a dominance of purple organisms in the early Earth, then we might be able to find another planet that’s at an earlier stage of evolution,” said DasSarma. Color signals from these far-off worlds could reveal whether simple purple life is out there. Early retinal-based photosynthesis might offer a stepping stone before more advanced pigments evolve.

Why Earth’s purple past matters
Purple Earth hypothesis remains unproven, yet it encourages new ways of thinking about our planet’s past & search for life beyond. If Earth’s earliest successful photosynthesizers truly glowed purple, then that color might reappear wherever organisms adopt retinal as their main solar sponge imaginative view highlights life’s capacity to adapt in surprising ways also urges us to look for signals we might otherwise miss if we focus only on what we see today.

This study is published in the journal Astrobiology.

[Tee tiong huat]

Asteroid threat grows: 300-foot rock has higher chance of impact in 2032. The risk assessment of the newly discovered asteroid 2024 YR4 has increased from a chance of 1.2% impact over the last week to 2.1% due to new observations.
https://www.business-standard.com/world-...160_1.html

Latest calculations indicate that asteroid known as 2024 YR4 is much less likely to hit Earth than earlier measurements had suggested. Late on 19 February, telescope observations of the object allowed researchers to revise down the estimated chance of impact in 2032 from 3.1% — the greatest such threat ever recorded — to a still-worrying 1.5%.

[Tee tiong huat]

"Purple Earth" hypothesis is gaining momentum in scientific community. Strange as it sounds, some scientists think earliest life forms on Earth may have painted our planet in shades of purple rather than green. This idea, known as the Purple Earth hypothesis, suggests single-celled organisms depended on a less complex molecule than chlorophyll to harness sunlight. NASA-supported work points to retinal as pivotal molecule lent these microbes a vivid violet color. Concept 
been investigated by astrobiologist Dr. Edward Schwieterman of U of California, Riverside & prof Shiladitya DasSarma of U of Maryland. Under
standing chlorophyll – basic schlorophyll is the green pigment makes plants, algae & some bacteria look so vibrant. More importantly, it’s the powerhouse behind photosynthesis – the process lets plants turn sunlight into energy. Without chlorophyll, life as we know it wouldn’t exist b'cos it’s first step in producing oxygen we breathe and the food we eat. This molecule absorbs light, mostly from blue & red spectrum, while reflecting green, which is why leaves look green. It’s packed into tiny structures inside plant cells called chloroplasts, where magic of photosynthesis happens. Early color from different molecule
While modern plants rely on chlorophyll, it may not have been Earth’s first choice for photosynthesis. Retinal is simpler & was likely present on Earth when atmospheric oxygen was scarce.

During that period, known for low oxygen and a hazy sky, scientists believe sunlight was still abundant enough to power these purple microbes. This scenario points to a very different Earth from the lush, leafy version we see now. Many of these primeval organisms fell under the archaea umbrella, a group that thrives in environments hostile to most other life. One notable example is often called halobacterium, a bright purple microbe that survives in salty spots like the Great Salt Lake. Despite name, halobacterium is not a bacterium is an archaeon uses photosynthesis in a less common way. It absorbs green wavelengths through retinal and reflects red and blue, which produces its striking purple appearance.

How purple Earth turned green?
Overtime, other organisms evolved the more efficient pigment, chlorophyll, enabling them to harvest sunlight at stronger wavelengths. This shift eventually overshadowed the retinal-based approach and helped fuel the Great Oxygenation Event, when oxygen levels in our atmosphere rose dramatically. Retinal-based life did not disappear, but it was no longer the dominant force shaping the planet’s surface color. Chlorophyll-using organisms thrived, turning Earth’s general look from purple to green.

Searching for color ful life
Astrobiologists suspect exoplanets might host creatures that still rely on retinal. “If the Purple Earth hypothesis was correct and there was a dominance of purple organisms in the early Earth, then we might be able to find another planet that’s at an earlier stage of evolution,” said DasSarma. Color signals from these far-off worlds could reveal whether simple purple life is out there. Early retinal-based photosynthesis might offer a stepping stone before more advanced pigments evolve.

Why Earth’s purple past matters
Purple Earth hypothesis remains unproven, yet it encourages new ways of thinking about our planet’s past & search for life beyond. If Earth’s earliest successful photosynthesizers truly glowed purple, then that color might reappear wherever organisms adopt retinal as their main solar sponge imaginative view highlights life’s capacity to adapt in surprising ways also urges us to look for signals we might otherwise miss if we focus only on what we see today.

This study is published in the journal Astrobiology.

In Singaporeans Abroad, we share the stories of locals who—thanks to living in a globalised world—have found success in different corners of the globe, whether financially, romantically, or for the pure joy of adventure.


We recently heard from Malika Avani, who hitchhiked across Europe and Latin America and learned shamanic healing techniques. Then, there’s Joleen Teo, who is contemplating a long-term move to Okinawa to be a quantum physicist.
Now, we bring you Gang Kai Poh, who moved to the US so he could study space physics for a living.

I was just eight years old when I read a newspaper article about Mars being at its closest distance away from Earth. Young me naively thought that it would be the size of the moon, so I tried to stay up late just to catch a glimpse of it.

Sadly, my dad nipped my dream to see the Red Planet in the bud when he made me go to bed. I had school the next day, but I would have stayed up all night if he’d let me.

It’s been three decades since then, and now I get paid to look at Mars all day. To be more specific, I actually study Mars—its space environment and how it interacts with the solar wind, more precisely—as part of my job.

And what a job it is. I’m an assistant research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center near Washington, DC, where I study planetary science and space weather.

[Tee tiong huat]

In Singaporeans Abroad, we share the stories of locals who—thanks to living in a globalised world—have found success in different corners of the globe, whether financially, romantically, or for the pure joy of adventure.

We recently heard from Malika Avani, who hitchhiked across Europe and Latin America and learned shamanic healing techniques. Then, there’s Joleen Teo, who is contemplating a long-term move to Okinawa to be a quantum physicist.
Now, we bring you Gang Kai Poh, who moved to the US so he could study space physics for a living.

I was just eight years old when I read a newspaper article about Mars being at its closest distance away from Earth. Young me naively thought that it would be the size of the moon, so I tried to stay up late just to catch a glimpse of it.

Sadly, my dad nipped my dream to see the Red Planet in the bud when he made me go to bed. I had school the next day, but I would have stayed up all night if he’d let me.

It’s been three decades since then, and now I get paid to look at Mars all day. To be more specific, I actually study Mars—its space environment and how it interacts with the solar wind, more precisely—as part of my job.

And what a job it is. I’m an assistant research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center near Washington, DC, where I study planetary science and space weather.

(Now, ‘weather’ in this context doesn’t refer to your usual thunderstorms per se. Space weather is the study of how space impacts the upper atmosphere all the way down to Earth’s surface. For example, there have been cases where geomagnetic space storms have caused power outages in northern parts of the US and Canada.)


I never thought I would ever be working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. But now that I’m working my dream job, I’m trying my best to make it a reality for fellow Singaporeans too.

A Small Step for a Man
It’s now been about 15 years since I moved from Singapore to the United States to do my bachelor’s in physics and astronomy at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder).

When I set foot in the US in 2010, I never thought I would be here for this long, to be honest.

As the years stack up, it scares me a little bit these days. Soon, I will have been living in the US for 20 years—that’s half my life. That’s something I find hard to wrap my head around. Honestly, I still feel very Singaporean.
https://www.ricemedia.co/the-singaporean-in-nasa/

[Tee tiong huat]

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science...erstellar/

Like many technologies White’s beloved Star Trek: like Physicist Miguel Alcubierre published prevailing model of warp drive in 1994 shows that warp speed travel could theoretically be possible first need to manipulate Einstein’s equations of general relativity using a type of exotic matter with negative energy. Equations essentially tell us that massive objects can distort space-time. A warp drive powered by massive amount of energy would contort space-time into a bubble around the spacecraft, expanding space-time in front of craft & compressing it behind warping would allow the craft itself to jump through interstellar space—without its passengers being any the wiser.

[Tee tiong huat]

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/milky-way-i...ion/11415/

[Tee tiong huat]

Earth Dodges Asteroid Threat: How Data Saved the Day
https://www.scimag.news/news-en/131403/e...e_vignette

[Tee tiong huat]

NASA says a "city killer" asteroid now has a 3.1% chance of hitting Earth within the next decade...
https://youtu.be/kn_A2d44qnI?si=WwtmYoCTkJvOF1pT

[Tee tiong huat]

The heart of our Milky Way galaxy is much active than most people would realize. In fact, astronomers discovered two gigantic “bubbles” extending above and below the galactic center, roughly 50,000 light years in each direction. OMG.....
https://www.earth.com/news/two-enormous-...ay-galaxy/

The identified objects are of many sizes, but much smaller than planets, and, on average, are about one million kilometers (or six hundred thousand miles) apart. This asteroid belt is called main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish fm other asteroid populations in Solar System.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt

[Tee tiong huat]

OMG....NASA. James webb telescope not one but two planet disintegrating...
https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/scie...ce-8760090

[Tee tiong huat]

NASA says more "city killer" asteroid now has a chance of hitting Earth, if it mean within coming decade..
https://youtu.be/kn_A2d44qnI?si=WwtmYoCTkJvOF1pT

Space rock—named "2025 DJ22"—is estimated by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to be approximately 47 feet across, making it about the size of a house. It will miss Earth by a cosmically close 347,000 miles before hurtling off across the solar system, not to return to our neck of the woods until August 31, 2031.

2025 DJ22 isn't the only asteroid on the radar for March 1—a 91-foot, airplane-sized one is also set to pass within 3,850,000 miles of Earth. Known as 2025 DV5, it is due to return in another century on November 11, 2135.

[Tee tiong huat]

Earth.com ✓.. I'm ok 
Each one stretches tens of thousands of light-years above and below the galactic center, yet they stay hidden from casual stargazers because they glow mainly in gamma rays and X-rays.

These mysterious formations appear to have emerged from the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy, Sagittarius A*.

Researchers pieced together evidence that points to an enormous outburst several million years ago, releasing colossal amounts of energy in a short time.

https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstori...01-03-2025

[Tee tiong huat]

Pleiades (/ˈpliː.ədiːz, ˈpleɪ-, ˈplaɪ-/), known as Seven Sisters & Messier 45 (M45), is an asterism of an open star cluster containing young B-type stars in the northwest of the constellation Taurus. Is a long distance of 444 light-years, it"s among nearest star clusters to Earth & the nearest Messier object to Earth, being the most obvious star cluster to the naked eye in the night sky. It is also observed to house the reflection nebula NGC 1432, an HII region. Around 2330 BC it marked the vernal point.

[Tee tiong huat]

Interstellar tunnel found near our solar system—may be a gateway to other stars. Scientists believe that long-ago supernova explosions sculpted this vast bubble, blasting away surrounding interstellar gas.
https://www.thebrighterside.news/space/i...her-stars/

[Tee tiong huat]

This region, spanning at least 1,000 light-years, radiates X-rays due to its searing million-degree temperature. Yet, be'cas its atoms are so sparse, this extreme heat has little effect on the matter within. While this has allowed life on Earth to thrive undisturbed, the LHB itself has remained an astronomical mystery.

https://www.thebrighterside.news/space/i...her-stars/

[Tee tiong huat]

https://www.thebrighterside.news/space/i...her-stars/

Scientists believe that long-ago supernova explosions sculpted this vast bubble, blasting away surrounding interstellar gas. A sequence of stellar detonations likely carved out the region, leaving behind a hot, X-ray-emitting void. However, only recently have researchers begun to map its true shape and structure in detail.

Mapping Local Hot Bubble. A team at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE).Using the eROSITA X-ray telescope, they created the most detailed map of this cosmic bubble yet. Positioned 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, eROSITA avoids interference from Earth's hydrogen halo, giving it a pristine view of the X-ray sky.

3D structure of the LHB with colours indicating its temperature. The two surfaces indicate the measurement uncertainty of the LHB extent: the most probable extent lies between the two. The location of Sun and a sphere of 100 parsec radius are marked for comparison. 3D structure of the LHB with colors indicating its temperature. 

To analyze bubble’s structure, researchers divided the sky into 2,000 segments, examining X-ray emissions in each. Their findings revealed that the LHB isn’t a uniform sphere. Instead, it expands more easily perpendicular to the galactic plane, where it faces less resistance compared to the dense horizontal disk of the Milky Way.

[Tee tiong huat]

Continue from above......

For White, only solution extend exploration of humanity beyond our solar system is to design a spacecraft that can travel stars within a fraction of a human lifetime. In other words—warp drive. 
Like many technologies White’s beloved Star Trek: Original Series in 1960s predicted, warp drive is a science fiction creation that has demonstrated surprising scientific validity. In
TV show, switching to warp drive is as easy as putting the U.S.S. Enterprise to a blink out of existence through space-time at speeds quicker than light. Captain Kirk & crew still have a head start of more than 200 years on this technology, today’s warp drive science is still nowhere close to this ideal.

Here’s modern science of warp drive, in a nutshell. Physicist Miguel Alcubierre published prevailing model of warp drive in 1994, shows warp speed travel could theoretically be possible. We first need to manipulate Einstein’s equations 
general relativity using a type of exotic matter with negative energy equations essentially tell us massive objects can distort space-time. A warp drive powered by massive amount of energy would contort space-time into a bubble around
spacecraft, expanding space-time in front of the  crafe & compressing it behind warping allow the craft itself to jump through interstellar space—without its passengers being any the wiser.

White left NASA to become the director of advanced research and development at the newly founded Limitless Space Institute, whose goal is to “advance human exploration beyond our solar system” by researching both known physics, like nuclear powered propulsion, and unknown physics, like warp drive.


It was at the Limitless Space Institute in 2021, as part of ongoing work for the U.S. government’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), that White published a paper in the European Physical Journal C which showed that it was possible—though not yet experimentally proven—to develop a micro-scale warp bubble using a kind of quantum-level negative energy created by the Casimir effect.

[Tee tiong huat]

Continue from above......

For White, only solution extend exploration of humanity beyond our solar system is to design a spacecraft that can travel stars within a fraction of a human lifetime. In other words—warp drive. 
Like many technologies White’s beloved Star Trek: Original Series in 1960s predicted, warp drive is a science fiction creation that has demonstrated surprising scientific validity. In
TV show, switching to warp drive is as easy as putting the U.S.S. Enterprise to a blink out of existence through space-time at speeds quicker than light. Captain Kirk & crew still have a head start of more than 200 years on this technology, today’s warp drive science is still nowhere close to this ideal.

Here’s modern science of warp drive, in a nutshell. Physicist Miguel Alcubierre published prevailing model of warp drive in 1994, shows warp speed travel could theoretically be possible. We first need to manipulate Einstein’s equations 
general relativity using a type of exotic matter with negative energy equations essentially tell us massive objects can distort space-time. A warp drive powered by massive amount of energy would contort space-time into a bubble around
spacecraft, expanding space-time in front of the  crafe & compressing it behind warping allow the craft itself to jump through interstellar space—without its passengers being any the wiser.

White left NASA to become the director of advanced research and development at the newly founded Limitless Space Institute, whose goal is to “advance human exploration beyond our solar system” by researching both known physics, like nuclear powered propulsion, and unknown physics, like warp drive. It was at Limitless Space Institute in 2021, as part of ongoing work for the U.S. govt’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), that White published a paper in the European Physical Journal C which showed that it was possible,though not yet experimentally proven—to develop a micro-scale warp bubble using a kind of quantum-level negative energy created by Casimir effect.

[Tee tiong huat]

Voyager 2: Was launched by NASA in 1977, is among most amazing space exploration accomplishments in human history. The spaceship is still sending data as it moves over the wide reaches of space more than forty years after it was launched. What has it seen during the last forty years? Because Voyager 2 has no intention of ceasing to satiate human curiosity, the human search for knowledge and desire for more about the solar system and the universe continues. We're heading to the edge of the Solar System, so fasten your seatbelts! Crossing the Heliopause To put it simply, let's discuss the heliopause.
https://youtu.be/fEyAxZQhHnM?si=Ke4wZ-lGtN7cbsJX

[Tee tiong huat]

Heliosphere, the bubble that the Sun forms around itself, is made up of charged particles known as the solar wind. The interstellar medium, which is made up of particles from stars and other astronomical sources, is where these particles eventually meet particles from outside the solar system after traveling deep into space. The heliopause is the point at which the solar wind is no longer powerful enough to push against the interstellar medium. It resembles the edge of the Sun's "bubble."

In November 2018, Voyager 2 crossed the heliopause for the second time, after its twin, Voyager 1. The heliopause is the line where the interstellar medium, or substance that fills the space between stars, and the solar wind, or charged particles released by the Sun, meet. Voyager 2 saw a dramatic decrease in solar wind particle density and an increase in interstellar particle density when it passed this limit.

This verified spacecraft had left the heliosphere, the bubble-like area where Sun's effect is most noticeable. Measurements of plasma density. When Voyager 2 passed through the heliopause, one of its unique instruments was still operational. The electrically charged gas in space, known as plasma, was measured.

In contrast to the plasma inside the heliosphere, Voyager 2 discovered that the plasma in interstellar space was denser. Because it gave scientists a better understanding of the environment outside the Sun's influence, this was a significant finding. Because Voyager 2's plasma instrument was operational when it reached the heliopause, scientists were able to obtain direct measurements of plasma density, unlike Voyager 1. The interstellar medium