Milky Way Galaxy two gigantic “bubbles” 50,000 light years in each direction.

(22-08-2025, 07:18 AM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  NewsNation) — Harvard scientist raising concerns about incoming comet 3I/ATLAS — namely could be some kind of alien probe sent to study our solar system — is now saying the interstellar object may be nuclear-powered?.

Avi Loeb said he bases this hypothesis on a July 21 image captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and shared by NASA. He said image shows a glow on front
end of 3I/ATLAS, as if it is emitting light.  31/ATLAS could be alien tech: Avi Loeb. For various reasons, Loeb rules out possibility this glow is attributable to reflected sunlight or rare interstellar nuclear material. Instead, he zeroing in on his previous suggestion 3I/ATLAS may be alien tech of some of a object.

Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers.

An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming months.

Guardian reports the interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a second.

Object, named 3I/Atlas by scientists, was most probably a comet, University of...
Guardian reports that the interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a second or space object is travelling at more than 200,000 km/h.
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(22-08-2025, 11:25 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers. An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming mths, this interstellar object is travelling towards sun at speed of 61km a second. Object, named 3I/Atlas by scientists, was most probably a comet or space object is travelling more than 200,000 km/hr going to cruise through inner solar system near between Mars / Earth’s. Expected to make closest approach Sun between Oct to Dec within 210 km then continue journey into space. Nasa 3i/Atias will reach Earth about 270 km

Alien technology or ancient comet?

3i atlas, is a 3rd interstellar object ever observed, raising questions no one expected. With a trajectory that mimics spacecraft flybys, a chemical signature older than Sun, scientists r split: is this a natural relic from deep space or a msg designed to pass silently through?. New data from James Webb & Hubble Space Telescopes reveals something?. A unexpected behavior, a rare alignments, & a silence may not be accidental. In this video, exploring Avi Loeb’s controversial hypothesis, the anomalies surrounding 3i atlas, what it means for future of our search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

Is 3i Atlas an Alien Probe or Just a Comet?. Scientists Are Divided Over 3i Atlas: Alien Tech or Natural Object?.

This is something Mysterious. And
NASA's Juno Space craft likely could like to Intercept 3I/ATLAS as it Approaches Jupiter.
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Hubble just captured the clearest image yet of interstellar visitor 3I (ATLAS) — and it reveals something stunning
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(22-08-2025, 11:25 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers. An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming months.

Guardian reports the interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a second.

Object, named 3I/Atlas by scientists, was most probably a comet...Guardian reports that the interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a second or space object is travelling at more than 200,000 km/h.

Why its speed is too high for Sun's gravity to hold3I/ATLAS is moving so fast Sun's gravity cannot hold onto it, resulting in a hyperbolic trajectory to sends it out of solar system. Speed, relative to Sun, is higher than any previously observed interstellar object. This high speed prevents comet from following a typical closed, elliptical orbit & ensures will not become a permanent resident of our solar system.

Hyperbolic Velocity:
Comet is traveling at a speed exceeds the Sun's gravitational binding energy.

Open-ended Orbit:
B'cos of this speed, 3I/ATLAS is on an open, or hyperbolic, trajectory, meaning will pass through solar system, continue into interstellar space rather than entering stable orbit around Sun.

Comparison to Other Objects:
Speed is significantly faster than the two other interstellar objects, 1I/ʻOumuamua & 2I/Borisov, observed entering our solar system previously.

Means what for 3I/ATLAS on it
Interstellar Journey:...?
It's a visitor on a one-way trip, coming from outside our solar system and destined to leave it.

Not a Permanent Resident:
Unlike most comets orbit Sun, 3I/ATLAS is not gravitationally bound to star will not be seen again after its passage. crying
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(25-08-2025, 11:31 AM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Why its speed is too high for Sun's gravity to hold3I/ATLAS is moving so fast Sun's gravity cannot hold onto it, resulting in a hyperbolic trajectory to sends it out of solar system. Speed, relative to Sun, is higher than any previously observed interstellar object. This high speed prevents comet from following a typical closed, elliptical orbit & ensures will not become a permanent resident of our solar system.

Hyperbolic Velocity:
Comet is traveling at a speed exceeds the Sun's gravitational binding energy.

Open-ended Orbit:
B'cos of this speed, 3I/ATLAS is on an open, or hyperbolic, trajectory, meaning will pass through solar system, continue into interstellar space rather than entering stable orbit around Sun.

Comparison to Other Objects:
Speed is significantly faster than the two other interstellar objects, 1I/ʻOumuamua & 2I/Borisov, observed entering our solar system previously.

Means what for 3I/ATLAS on it
Interstellar Journey:...?
It's a visitor on a one-way trip, coming from outside our solar system and destined to leave it.

Not a Permanent Resident:
Unlike most comets orbit Sun, 3I/ATLAS is not gravitationally bound to star will not be seen again after its passage. crying

Déjà vu? Professor Avi Loeb has sparked controversy by suggesting - again - that a recently detected interstellar body passing through the Solar System (3I/ATLAS) could be an alien spacecraft. Today, we dive into what he his claiming and whether it holds up - just the science.

Could 3i Atlas trajectory change ?
Astronomy: I know comet is supposed to miss us by a safe distance of I believe 1.8 astronomical units. However, is it possible for something to happen for the trajectory to change? What if the comet hits some debris in space and its course could that potentially make it dangerous to us? How close would it need to come for it to be considered dangerous like 0.1 astronomical units?. Thanks
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(22-08-2025, 11:25 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers.An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming mths. Guardian reports interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a secondObject, named 3I/Atlas by scientists, was most probably a comet, University of Guardian reports that the interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a second or space object is travelling at more than 200,000 km/h.

James Webb Space Telescope takes 1st look at interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS unexpected results news: NASA's $10 billion space telescope studied the 3rd interstellar object that enter our solar system, measuring chemical contents of its halo on comet on Aug. 6, 2025. The
3 different panels showing a bright orange & yellow blob on a deep purple background. The interstellar invaded comet 3I/ATLAS seen by the infrared vision on JWST. (NASA/James Webb Space Telescope). James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has observed the visitor 3I/ATLAS for first time powerful space telescope trained its infrared vision & its Near-Infrared Spectrograph instrument (NIRspec) on the comet.
Discovered on July 1 by ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) survey telescope, 3I/ATLAS is just the third-ever object found drifting through our solar system that is believed to have originated from around another star. The other two interstellar intruders were 1I/'Oumuamua, discovered in 2017, and 2I/Borisov, detected in 2019.

The JWST follows in the footsteps of the Hubble Space Telescope and the SPHEREx Observatory, both of which have already observed 3I/ATLAS as it passes through the solar system. This investigation aims to uncover characteristics of 3I/ATLAS, including its size, physical properties, and, importantly, its chemical makeup.
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(22-08-2025, 11:25 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers. An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming mths. Guardian reports interstellar object is travelling towards sun speed of 61km a second.
This 3I/Atlas know to scientists, most probably a comet interstellar object is travelling towards sun speed of 61km a second or space object is travelling @more than 200,000 km/h.

It's too fast even to reach by NASA craft.
https://youtu.be/3rUr0wj7buM?si=exV8TcsEhbF0t5h1
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Voyager 1, an interstellar pioneer Clapping

Voyager 1 been exploring the vastness of space for nearly 5 decades, & made a finding reshaping scientists understand our cosmic neighborhood. At an incredible distance of about 15 billion miles from Earth, this legendary spacecraft stumbled upon a blazing region at edge of our solar system changing modern astrophysics forever. A wall of fire where temperatures soar to nearly 54,000 degrees Fahrenheit. scorching temperatures are very real hidden light-years away in depths of space. Voyager 1 blasted off in 1977, its mission was to study giant planets in our solar system, snapping breathtaking images of Jupiter and Saturn. its real legacy began once crossed into solar system’s outer boundarythe mysterious heliopause. Heliopause is where solar wind constant stream of charged particles from sun, finally meets the interstellar medium, the space be filled with particles radiation from other sources. It’s basically the border where our sun’s influence fades and true interstellar space begins. 

Voyager’s instruments detected a surprising rise both it temperature and density of particles as it crossed frontier. Scientists aptly named this region the “wall of fire”, a massive burst of energetic particles creating a cosmic heatwave at the solar system’s edge. To really grasp this discovery, let’s break down the heliopause. Think of it as our solar system’s invisible shield or bubble. The outermost boundary where sun’s magnetic influence and solar wind pressure meet cold, vast emptiness of interstellar space. Beyond this boundary, charged particles from distant stars flow freely, unaffected by sun’s power. For many years, researchers theorized this edge is, would be cold sparse, but Voyager 1’s findings have upended that notion. The detected “wall of fire” isn’t actually fire as we know it—it’s a dense build-up of charged particles moving at nearly the speed of light, slamming into each other in this low-density region, heating it to insanely high temperatures.

A wall of fire at 30,000°c isn’t your average heat. Magnetohydrodynamic surprises and stellar winds. One of the most striking recent findings from Voyager 1 is that the magnetic fields inside the heliopause and those in interstellar space are surprisingly similar. Previously, scientists expected dramatically different magnetic environments between our solar bubble and the vast galaxy beyond. It turns out the sun’s magnetic field lines get dragged out and compressed by solar wind, creating a zone where magnetic reconnection happens—basically a rearrangement of magnetic forces that transforms the energy of particle flows into intense heat.

This discovery that solar wind interactions create such an energetic boundary has huge implications for how we understand magnetism and plasma flows in space.
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https://youtube.com/shorts/YQwUU4mVo-Q?s...sxGnZwCQVL
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https://youtube.com/shorts/1G7HdP9x934?s...T3SUys4kSY
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https://youtube.com/shorts/oikEsPATu1k?s...BhPlCOjzci
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(22-08-2025, 11:25 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/Atlas to pass Earth, visible to astronomers. An unidentified object originating outside of solar system is expected to travel past Earth in coming month. Guardian reports interstellar object is travelling towards the sun at a speed of 61km a secondObject, named 3I/Atlas by scientists, was most probably a comet, Uni - Guardian said interstellar object is travelling towards sun at speed 61km a second or this object is travelling at more than 200,000 km/h.

3I/ATLAS is moving too fast for the Sun's gravity to bind it into a closed orbit, meaning it is on a hyperbolic trajectory and will pass through the Solar System, continuing into interstellar space without ever returning. Its high speed, the fastest of any detected interstellar object, is too great for the Sun to capture it, so it will not be held in orbit.
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(01-09-2025, 07:51 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  3I/ATLAS is moving too fast for the Sun's gravity to bind it into a closed orbit, meaning it is on a hyperbolic trajectory and will pass through the Solar System, continuing into interstellar space without ever returning. Its high speed, the fastest of any detected interstellar object, is too great for the Sun to capture it, so it will not be held in orbit.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is traveling at a remarkable speed of approximately 130,000 mph (209,000 km/h or 58 km/s), making it the fastest solar system visitor ever recorded. This high velocity is due to its hyperbolic, interstellar trajectory, and its speed is expected to increase as it approaches the Sun.
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https://youtube.com/shorts/0m-h9SRRZ1o?s...7aRNjUKlHR
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(01-09-2025, 07:57 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is traveling at a remarkable speed of approximately 130,000 mph (209,000 km/h or 58 km/s), making it the fastest solar system visitor ever recorded. This high velocity is due to its hyperbolic, interstellar trajectory, and its speed is expected to increase as it approaches the Sun.

4 Powerful Telescopes Agree: Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Really Is Bizarre. We already knew that interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS was different from the other two interstellar objects known to have traversed the Solar System, but a slew of new observations suggest it may be even weirder than the weirder that it was. NASA and ESA instruments Hubble, SPHEREx, JWST, and TESS have all captured the object as it makes its way towards the Sun. The results show not only was 3I/ATLAS actively outgassing long before we spotted it, but its atmosphere (or coma) has a higher proportion of carbon dioxide than scientists usually see in comets, interstellar or otherwise.

This could tell us something about the environment in which 3I/ATLAS formed, the space conditions through which it has traveled, or even the internal composition of the comet. This means best time for observing comet before perihelion is rapidly slipping by, so scientists are making best of it, turning some of our most powerful instruments to the task – or, in the case of TESS, scouring pre-discovery data for glimpses of the object. It's for this reason we now know first known glimpse of 3I/ATLAS took place back in May, nearly two full months before official discovery. Comet was moving a lot faster than targets TESS designed to study, so researchers had to use some image-stacking techniques to reveal it. This is where it gets interesting. TESS data suggest that comet was already active at that time, at distance of around 6 astronomical units (AU) from Sun - out past orbit of Jupiter. That's greater distance than expected: most comets begin showing activity no closer than 5 AU from the Sun.

When we call a comet active, it means that it has warmed up enough for the ices on and just under its surface to sublime – transition directly from a frozen to a gaseous state. This produces a coma and, eventually, if the comet comes close enough to the Sun to be affected by radiation pressure, cometary tails. In their preprint paper, researchers who made TESS discovery posit comet's early awakening may have something to do with its composition. Some ices sublime more readily than others – and carbon dioxide is one of those ices.

This was confirmed by two separate, independent measurements using two different instruments. mid-August 2025, NASA's brand-spanking-new space telescope SPHEREx took multi-spectral observations of the comet at distances between 3.3 and 3.1 AU from the Sun, clearly resolving a coma rich in carbon dioxide, as well as water. No tails or jets were observed at this time, & coma was measured out to a radius of 23 km, suggesting production rates were pretty high. (Comet itself, according to Hubble measurements, has a radius of about 2.8 km.). This supported by measurements from JWST, which observed comet at a distance of 3.32 astronomical units from Sun in early August. Its data suggests that carbon dioxide & water exist in the coma at a ratio of 8 to 1 – among the highest proportion of carbon dioxide ever seen in a comet.

There could be several reasons for this.

"Our observations are compatible with an intrinsically CO2-rich nucleus, which may indicate that 3I/ATLAS contains ices exposed to higher levels of radiation than Solar System comets, or that it formed close to the CO2 ice line in its parent protoplanetary disk," researchers explain in their preprint paper.
https://www.sciencealert.com/4-powerful-...is-bizarre
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Alien spacecraft or interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS biggest revelation has become a major subject of study after NASA’s SPHEREx telescope detected carbon dioxide fog and water ice in its structure. Discovered on July 1, 2025, by the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile, the comet is only the third interstellar object observed entering our solar system. Its unique composition and journey are offering scientists new insights into how comets from distant star systems compare with those in our own solar neighborhood.

Alien spacecraft or interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS biggest revelation was confirmed after NASA’s space telescope SPHEREx detected large amounts of carbon dioxide gas and water ice. The discovery has given scientists important insights into the composition of interstellar comets. NASA’s SPHEREx telescope, also known as Spectro-Photometer for History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer, detected vaporized carbon dioxide in the coma around 3I/ATLAS. It found water ice in its nucleus. Suggests comet is similar in composition to those formed in our solar system. Astronomer Carey Lisse from Johns Hopkins University explained the presence of carbon dioxide gas showed it behaved like a typical solar system comet. Comets usually contain water, carbon dioxide, & carbon monoxide, & the balance depends on where when they were formed.

How Comets Form and Evolve?
Comets that form in distant regions, such as the Oort Cloud, retain water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Those that spend time closer to the sun lose carbon monoxide, leaving behind water and carbon dioxide. SPHEREx’s analysis showed that comet 3I/ATLAS had a carbon dioxide coma without carbon monoxide, meaning it had been thermally processed before leaving its parent system. Scientists suggest it was ejected after heating and cooling cycles and could be billions of years older than comets in our solar system. Alien Spacecraft or Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Journey Through Milky Way
According to Lisse, comet 3I/ATLAS likely originated in the thick disk of the Milky Way. This would make it two to three times older than local comets. Its study helps researchers compare interstellar comets with those from our own solar neighborhood.
https://m.economictimes.com/news/interna...720696.cms
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(29-08-2025, 09:14 AM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Voyager 1, an interstellar pioneer Clapping

Voyager 1 exploring vastness of space for nearly 5 decades, & made a reshaping scientists understand our cosmic neighborhood isincredible distance of about 15 billion miles from Earth, this legendary spacecraft stumbled upon a blazing region at edge of our solar system changing modern astrophysics forever. A wall of fire where temperatures soar to 654,000 degrees Fahrenheit. scorching temperatures are hidden light-years away in depths of space. Voyager 1 blasted off in 1977, to study giant planets in our solar system, breathtaking images of Jupiter &
Saturn real legacy began once crossed into solar system’s outer boundary mysterious heliopause.
 Heliopause is where solar wind constant stream of charged particles from sun, finally meets interstellar medium space be filled with particles radiation from other sources. Basically border where our sun’s influence fades & true interstellar space begins. 

Voyager’s instruments detected surprising rise temperature & density of particles as it crossed frontier. Scientists named region “wall of fire”, a massive burst of energetic particles creating a cosmic heatwave solar system’s edge. This discovery, let’s break down heliopause. Think of it as our solar system’s invisible shield or bubble. The outermost boundary sun’s magnetic influence solar wind pressure meet cold, vast emptiness of interstellar space. Beyond this boundary, charged particles from distant stars flow freely, unaffected by sun’s power, for alot of yrs, researchers theorized this edge would be cold sparse, but Voyager 1’s findings upended. Detected “wall of fire” isn’t actually fire as we know it—it’s a dense build-up of charged particles moving nearly speed of light, slamming into each other in low-density, heating it to insanely high temperatures.

A wall of fire at 30,000°c isn’t your average heat. Magnetohydrodynamic surprises and stellar winds. One of the most striking recent findings from Voyager 1 is that the magnetic fields inside the heliopause and those in interstellar space are surprisingly similar. Previously, scientists expected dramatically different magnetic environments between our solar bubble & vast galaxy beyond. It turns out the sun’s magnetic field lines get dragged out and compressed by solar wind, creating a zone where magnetic reconnection happens—basically a rearrangement of magnetic forces that transforms the energy of particle flows into intense heat.

This discovery that solar wind interactions create such an energetic boundary has huge implications for how we understand magnetism and plasma flows in space.

Voyager’s Current Distance
Voyager 1 is roughly 24.97 billion kilometres from Earth, making it the farthest human-made object ever. Voyager 2 trails slightly behind at about 22.7 billion kilometres. Both spacecraft have been travelling through interstellar space for over 45 years, sending back data through NASA’s Deep Space Network. 


From 24,970,000,000 km away, scientists is trying to install AI on 'Voyager' 1 & 2?.😲
Can they Scientists to it?.
https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765
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(06-09-2025, 09:39 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Voyager’s Current Distance
Voyager 1 is roughly 24.97 billion kilometres from Earth, making it the farthest human-made object ever. Voyager 2 trails slightly behind at about 22.7 billion kilometres. Both spacecraft have been travelling through interstellar space for over 45 years, sending back data through NASA’s Deep Space Network. 


From 24,970,000,000 km away, scientists is trying to install AI on 'Voyager' 1 & 2?.😲
Can they Scientists to it?.
https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765

Communication Challenges
Signals from Voyager 1 take nearly 23 hrs to reach Earth, while signals from Voyager 2 take 20 hrs. A extreme delay makes real-time control impossible. Any attempt to remotely install AI would face an unprecedented latency, meaning commands could take almost a full day to be acknowledged. Big Grin

https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765
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(06-09-2025, 09:39 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Voyager’s Current Distance
Voyager 1 is roughly 24.97 billion kilometres from Earth, making it the farthest human-made object ever. Voyager 2 trails slightly behind at about 22.7 billion kilometres. Both spacecraft have been travelling through interstellar space for over 45 years, sending back data through NASA’s Deep Space Network. 


From 24,970,000,000 km away, scientists is trying to install AI on 'Voyager' 1 & 2?.😲
Can they Scientists to it?.
https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765

https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765
Reply

Why were Voyager missions launched in 1977?.

NASA launched Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 missions in 1977, on August 20 & Sept 5. There was very specific reason for using this window for launch, a rare cosmic alignment was about to take place. The Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 are proof of the human thirst for knowledge, to know what lies out there in deep space. Initially, purpose of two spacecraft was to explore Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune, then continue to drift into outer space to witness vast cosmos & send back data as long as possible. Voyager 2 was the first to go, launched on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1 on Sept 5, 1977. NASA was clear on launches would happen be'cos of a very specific formation that occurs only once every 176 years. Space agency made sure the Voyager missions were ready to be launched in 1977 at particular time b'cos something special was about to take place in our solar system. A space alignment in coming years became the motivating factor to prepare both the spacecraft launch during this time.

Once every 176 years cosmic event determined Voyager missions launch window. Approximately every 176 years, a Grand Tour alignment occurs in the outer solar system. This is when Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune come in line. NASA wanted to make sure that Voyagers 1 and 2 both reach a point near Jupiter at exactly this time to ensure their plan works. Voyager spacecraft were to slingshot from one planet to other. NASA engineers had planned to use gravity assist of each planet to slingshot the Voyager spacecraft to the next planet. Only when 4 planets were  perfectly aligned, slingshot could work. Using gravity of 1 planet, they sent the Voyager to another, but not before the spacecraft had studied planet they were intended to. Voyager 2 studied Jovian and Saturnian systems. Voyager 2 was launched first was tasked with studying Jupiter & Saturn. It reached the Jovian system in 1979 & the Saturnian system in 1981. It also managed to take a look at Uranus & Neptune, something was only an "if" scenario. Right now, it is on an extended mission to study interstellar space. Even after 48 years, continues to send data to Earth. Where is Voyager 2 now? As of mid-2025, Voyager 2 is 20.8 billion kilometres from Earth. 

Voyager 1 studied Jupiter's moons and Saturn's moon. Voyager 1 launched 16 days after Voyager 2, but after 3 months, it overtook it, main purpose of Voyager 1 was to fly by outer solar system later interstellar space, crossing heliosphere. It reached Jupiter system in 1979, flew by Amalthea, Europa, Ganymede and Calisto. Next came Saturn, its moons Titan, Tethys, Mimas, Enceladus, Rhea and Hyperion. Where is Voyager 1 now? At this moment, it is 25 billion kilometres from Earth. 
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(05-09-2025, 10:05 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  3I/ATLAS biggest revelation become a major subject of study after NASA’s SPHEREx telescope detected carbon dioxide fog & water ice in its structure. Discovered on July 1, 2025, by the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile, the comet is only the third interstellar object observed entering our solar system. Its unique composition and journey are offering scientists new insights into how comets from distant star systems compare w/those in our own solar neighborhood.3I/ATLAS after NASA’s space telescope SPHEREx detected large amounts of carbon dioxide gas and water ice. The discovery has given scientists important insights into composition of interstellar comets. NASA’s SPHEREx telescope, known as Spectro-Photometer. History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization & Ices Explorer, detected vaporized carbon dioxide in the coma around 3I/ATLAS. It found water ice in its nucleus. Suggests comet is similar in composition to those formed in our solar system.
Astronomer Carey Lisse from Johns Hopkins University explained the presence of carbon dioxide gas showed it behaved like a typical solar system comet. Comets usually contain water, carbon dioxide, & carbon monoxide, & balance depends on where when they were formed.

How Comets Form Evolve?
Comets that form in distant regions, such as the Oort Cloud, retain water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Those that spend time closer to the sun lose carbon monoxide, leaving behind water & carbon dioxide. SPHEREx’s analysis showed comet 3I/ATLAS had a carbon dioxide coma without carbon monoxide, meaning it had been thermally processed before leaving its parent system. Scientists suggest it was ejected after heating and cooling cycles and could be billions of years older than comets in our solar system. Alien Spacecraft or Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Journey Through Milky Way. According to Lisse, comet 3I/ATLAS may originated in thick disk of Milky Way, would make it 2 to 3 times older than local comets, study helps researchers compare interstellar comets with those from our own solar neighborhood.
https://m.economictimes.com/news/interna...720696.cms

https://youtu.be/FkkYyv1SWVI?si=NfHRfKbiQmIBf1Qs
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(01-09-2025, 07:57 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is traveling at a remarkable speed of approximately 130,000 mph (209,000 km/h or 58 km/s), making it the fastest solar system visitor ever recorded. This high velocity is due to its hyperbolic, interstellar trajectory, and its speed is expected to increase as it approaches the Sun.

A massive blood-red cloud has appeared in space, surrounding the mysterious interstellar object 3I/ATLAS — and scientists are terrified. Unlike any comet we’ve ever seen, 3I Atlas is venting pure carbon dioxide at an incredible rate… but with no visible tail. Its giant crimson coma stretches over 90,000 miles, glowing like a ghost in the void, and new data suggests its core could be as large as a 28-mile-wide mini-world.


Is this really a comet—or something else entirely? This strange visitor from another star system has flipped everything astronomers thought they knew about interstellar objects. From its bizarre blood-red halo, to its mysterious breakup and survival, to its possible origins as a fragment of a shattered exoplanet, 3I Atlas may be rewriting the rules of the universe in real-time.
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(11-09-2025, 09:07 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  A massive blood-red cloud has appeared in space, surrounding the mysterious interstellar object 3I/ATLAS — and scientists are terrified. Unlike any comet we’ve ever seen, 3I Atlas is venting pure carbon dioxide at an incredible rate… but with no visible tail. Its giant crimson coma stretches over 90,000 miles, glowing like a ghost in the void, and new data suggests its core could be as large as a 28-mile-wide mini-world.

Is this really a comet—or something else entirely? This strange visitor from another star system has flipped everything astronomers thought they knew about interstellar objects. From its bizarre blood-red halo, to its mysterious breakup and survival, to its possible origins as a fragment of a shattered exoplanet, 3I Atlas may be rewriting the rules of the universe in real-time.

https://youtu.be/Erz7wzHz1ng?si=jp6CYYexIOj27G1P
Reply

(06-09-2025, 11:26 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Why Voyager missions launched in 1977?.

NASA put Voyager 1 & Voyager 2  missions in 1977, on August 20 & Sept 5. There very specific reason for using this window for launch, a rare cosmic alignment was to take place. Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 are proof of human thirst for knowledge, to know what lies out there in deep space. Initially, purpose of two spacecraft was to explore Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune, then continue to drift into outer space to witness vast cosmos & * send back data as long as possible. Voyager 2 the first to go, launched on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1 on Sept 5, 1977. NASA was clear on launches would happen be'cos of a very specific formation occurs only once every 176 years. Space agency made sure Voyager missions were ready to be launched in 1977 at particular time b'cos something special was about to take place in our solar system. A space alignment in coming years became motivating factor to prepare both spacecraft launch during this time.

Once every 176 years cosmic event determined Voyager missions launch window. Approximately every 176 years, a Grand Tour alignment occurs in the outer solar system. This is when Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune come in line. NASA wanted to make sure that Voyagers 1 and 2 both reach a point near Jupiter at exactly this time to ensure their plan works.
Voyager spacecraft were to slingshot from one planet to other.
NASA engineers planned to use gravity of each planet to slingshot Voyager spacecraft to the next planet. Only when 4 planets were  perfectly aligned, slingshot could work. Using gravity of 1 planet, they sent the Voyager to another, but not before the spacecraft had studied planet they were intended to. 
Voyager 2 studied Jovian and Saturnian systems. Voyager 2 was launched first was tasked with studying Jupiter & Saturn. It reached the Jovian system in 1979 & the Saturnian system in 1981. It also managed to take a look at Uranus & Neptune, something was only an "if" scenario. Right now, it is on an extended mission to study interstellar space. Even after 48 years, continues to send data to Earth. Where is Voyager 2 now? As of mid-2025, Voyager 2 is 20.8 billion kilometres from Earth. 

Voyager 1 studied Jupiter's moons and Saturn's moon. Voyager 1 launched 16 days after Voyager 2, but after 3 months, it overtook it, main purpose of Voyager 1 was to fly by outer solar system later interstellar space, crossing heliosphere. It reached Jupiter system in 1979, flew by Amalthea, Europa, Ganymede and Calisto. Next came Saturn, its moons Titan, Tethys, Mimas, Enceladus, Rhea and Hyperion. Where is Voyager 1 now? At this moment, it is 25 billion kilometres from Earth. 

Alien learn about Voyager 2 then went silent for months, then sent back a message no one expected. More than just data, its signal hinted at something stranger: alien know such so very old, too old like a toy systems that reactivated, unknown to us, Nasa, their patterns, & echoes of itself. Believe something did happen it’s a glitch. Others think this probe crossed into something beyond our understanding—a force, a presence, a structured some maybe awareness hiding in the void. What if Voyager didn’t just survive, but made contact? In this video, we explore the eerie signals, the silence that don't followed, and the possibility that space isn’t empty...It’s those alien listening?.
https://youtu.be/-RRQ507BEC0?si=7kNNchuH3adeGIs_
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(06-09-2025, 09:48 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Voyager’s Current Distance

Voyager 1 is roughly 24.97 billion kilometres from Earth, making it the farthest human-made object ever. Voyager 2 trails slightly behind at about 22.7 billion kilometres. Both spacecraft have been travelling through interstellar space for over 45 years, sending back data through 

NASA’s Deep Space Network. From 24,970,000,000 km away, scientists is trying to install AI on 'Voyager' 1 & 2?.😲
Can Scientists to it?.
https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765

https://youtu.be/-RRQ507BEC0?si=LdJG9CN0z4QGKJ1T
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(06-09-2025, 09:45 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Communication Challenges
Signals from Voyager 1 take nearly 23 hrs to reach Earth, while signals from Voyager 2 take 20 hrs. A extreme delay makes real-time control impossible. Any attempt to remotely install AI would face an unprecedented latency, meaning commands could take almost a full day to be acknowledged. Big Grin

https://www.wionews.com/photos/from-24-9...6761665765

“433 Years of Power”: NASA Tests Americium-241 Nuclear Batteries That Could Run Spacecraft for Multiple Centuries. NASA's recent advancements in nuclear battery technology, particularly the testing of americium-241, promise to revolutionize long-duration space exploration by providing more sustainable and long-lasting power sources for missions venturing into the farthest reaches of the universe.
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Americium-241: A New Hope for Space Exploration: Its half-life is its greatest asset, offering prolonged potential to power spacecraft for a long centuries. This promising development could redefine the scope of NASA's exploratory missions, reaching further into the universe than ever before.
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(08-07-2025, 11:04 PM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Here's a more detailed explanation:

Zhúlóng's Similarity:
Zhúlóng, named after a mythical Chinese dragon, resembles the Milky Way in its structure, including spiral arms, star-forming regions, and a central bulge of older stars.

Early Formation:
The perplexing aspect is that Zhúlóng appears to have formed just one billion years after the Big Bang, while Milky Way took several billion years to reach its current size & shape.

Challenging Theories:
The rapid formation of Zhúlóng raises questions about how galaxies evolve and challenges current cosmological models that suggest galaxies take much longer to form.

JWST's Role:
The James Webb Space Telescope's ability to observe such distant and early galaxies has been crucial in making this discovery and fundamentally changing our understanding of the early universe.

Further Research:
Astronomers are planning further observations with JWST and ground-based telescopes like ALMA to study Zhúlóng in more detail and better understand the early universe.

This video explain discovery of the Milky Way's long-lost twin, Zhúlóng:

Maximum alert: On aboard China’s Tiangong space station discover a new bacterial speciesScientists on Tiangong space station made a extraordinary announcement: they discovered a brand-new bacteria strain floating 250 miles above Earth, unlike anything known before. This tiny organism isn’t just surviving the harsh conditions of space—it’s thriving, rewriting what understand, about we, life’s resilience beyond our planet. Imagine being inside a metal capsule orbiting Earth at 17,500 miles per hour & stumbling onto a new species remarkable find onboard China’s Tiangong station challenges our assumptions invites to explore secrets outer space holds about life itself.

A new type of bacteria thriving in space conditions The recently identified bacterium, called Niallia tiangongensis, was discovered inside a cabin of the space station. While related to some known microbes on Earth, this strain has evolved unique traits that help it not just survive but actively repair damage from the extreme environmental stresses found in space. Space is notoriously hostile. Radiation levels are higher, oxygen is scarce, and microgravity creates conditions that can damage cells through oxidative stress. Yet, this new microbe shows it can manage these insults effectively, maintaining itself despite being miles above Earth’s protective atmosphere.

Discovery results from collaboration between Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group and Beijing Institute of Space Systems Engineering. Their research, recently published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, dives deep into how microbes behave during long-term space missions—critical knowledge for protecting astronauts’ health and spacecraft systems. Understanding these survival mechanisms is more than academic. Unchecked microbes can threaten both the crew and machine integrity, but they may also harbor clues about cellular protection and repair that could revolutionize medical science back on Earth.

Why studying microbes in space matters for astronauts & beyond. Why care so much about bacteria in space? Because space is a brutal environment for life forms. Oxidative stress caused by radiation can harm tissues and cells rapidly, yet Niallia tiangongensis shows a remarkable ability to mitigate these effects. It continuously repairs its DNA and metabolic systems, which may give us insights into protecting human cells during Clapping space travel implications stretch beyond astronaut safety. 

Learning how these microbes regulate their genetics, metabolism, and damage control could inspire new antibiotics, improved radiation therapies, or even biomaterials crafted with space-bred resilience. 

What this discovery could mean for future space missions and earth science.
a new bacterial species - Le Ravi https://share.google/eyvgl2f8hUImRqaRa
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Inside Martian mudstone

The core was taken from a rock named “Chevaya Falls” in Neretva Vallis, an ancient river channel about a quarter mile wide that once fed Jezero Crater’s lake. After drilling, Perseverance sealed the sample for possible return to Earth, where laboratory instruments can perform tests far beyond the rover’s onboard capabilities.

Lead author Joel A. Hurowitz of Stony Brook University (SBU) reports a fine-grained mudstone with circular reaction fronts informally called leopard spots, plus small nodules embedded in layered sediments.

Perseverance’s SHERLOC and PIXL instruments mapped organic carbon with phosphate, iron, and sulfur arranged in distinct, repeating patterns.Two minerals stand out: vivianite and greigite. Vivianite is an iron phosphate, while greigite is an iron sulfide associated with iron and sulfur cycling in oxygen-poor settings.
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(15-09-2025, 08:21 AM)Tee tiong huat Wrote:  Inside Martian mudstone

The core was taken from a rock named “Chevaya Falls” in Neretva Vallis, an ancient river channel about a quarter mile wide that once fed Jezero Crater’s lake. After drilling, Perseverance sealed the sample for possible return to Earth, where laboratory instruments can perform tests far beyond the rover’s onboard capabilities.

Lead author Joel A. Hurowitz of Stony Brook University (SBU) reports a fine-grained mudstone with circular reaction fronts informally called leopard spots, plus small nodules embedded in layered sediments.

Perseverance’s SHERLOC and PIXL instruments mapped organic carbon with phosphate, iron, and sulfur arranged in distinct, repeating patterns.Two minerals stand out: vivianite and greigite. Vivianite is an iron phosphate, while greigite is an iron sulfide associated with iron and sulfur cycling in oxygen-poor settings.

NASA announces discovery of life on Mars with high confidence - Earth.com https://share.google/dits44YguiIOJd6IU
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