[Ali Imran]

If I were an atheistic peasant or a peasant Moslem hearing a prophet of God claiming to be the good shepherd who's laying down his life for his sheep, I'd think he's either a liar or a lunatic. A prophet by definition delivers God's messages and can never take the place of the Almighty. This definition sits well with Muslims.

However, if I were a sheep, aka disciple, I'd believe in His deity very strongly, and concur with the disciples of yore who attributed to Jesus the Titles of Deity. They called Him "the first and the last" (Rev 1:17; 2:8; 22:13), "the true Light" (John 1:9), their "rock" or "stone" (1 Cor 10:4; 1 Pet 2:6-8), the "Bridegroom" (Eph 5:28-33), "the Chief Shepherd" (1 Pet: 5:4), and "the great Shepherd" (Heb 13:20) He is seen as the Forgiver of sins (Acts 5:31; Col 3:13; Jer 31:34) and Savior of the world" (John 4:42; Isa 43:3). "Christ Jesus... is to judge the living and the dead" (2 Tim 4:1). All of these titles are given to Yahweh in the OT and to Jesus in the New. Your hypothetical strawman is an inept and futile attempt to pooh-pooh the divinity of Christ.

The peasants of that time and place were Jewish people. They would never, not in a million years, think that a walking and talking man is God. 

When Peter addressed the public on the day of Pentecost, he referred to Jesus as a man, not God. If you say Peter believed Jesus is God, that means Peter was not giving the correct information about Jesus to the public, and from the small piece of misinformation, they will all be thrown into hell for not believing Jesus is God. Why would Peter hide that vital piece of information from the people?